What Are the Different Types of Computer Hardware?

Computer hardware refers to all the physical components that make up a computer system. As a whole, this encompasses a wide range of devices and peripherals that work together to enable a computer to function. While there are a multitude of parts that can be categorized as hardware, the most important components are the motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. In this blog, we will be discussing these major components, in addition to their proper assembly.

Motherboard

Despite consisting of just a thin circuit board, the motherboard is one of the most important parts of a computer. This board connects and allows communication between all internal components, including the CPU, memory, and storage devices, while simultaneously offering ports for input and output devices. As such, the motherboard is the largest circuit board in a computer, and its job is to allocate power to all hardware that is connected to it, enabling those devices to communicate with one another.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

One of the major components connected to a motherboard is the central processing unit. Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations. This means that every action you perform on your computer, no matter how large or small, is processed by the CPU. To complete these actions, it typically consists of a control unit which manages the execution of instructions and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) which performs mathematical and logical operations. Nevertheless, despite always having these two basic components, not every CPU is the same. Instead, they come in several different models and speeds, which can be identified by the number of cores they contain. In general, the more cores a processor has, the more tasks it can perform. However, this does not always mean that more cores is better, as the CPU is just one of the many key components to consider.

Memory

Computer memory, also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), is a temporary storage area where the computer stores data and instructions that are currently being processed. In essence, it is the short-term memory of a computer, which allows the CPU to access a large amount of data without needing to permanently store it. With such a system in place, a computer can perform tasks much more efficiently, processing moment-by-moment data without needing to continually access the hard-drive. Consequently, the amount of RAM in a computer usually determines how many programs and processes can run simultaneously without slowing the system down.

Storage Devices

In contrast with memory, which only holds onto information for a short period of time, storage devices are used to store data permanently, even when the computer is powered off. Storage devices can come in a large number of varieties to suit different purposes, but the two main types are hard disk drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives (SSDs). Of these two types, HDDs use spinning disks to read and write data, while SSDs use flash memory chips. As a result, SSDs are faster and more durable than HDDs, but are also more expensive. This can make SSDs very useful in heavy-duty or high-precision applications, whereas HDDs can prove an effective option for operations that have a limited budget. Other types of storage devices include optical drives, such as CD/DVD drives, and external storage devices like USB flash drives and external hard drives.

Input/Output Devices

In addition to the integrated parts, computer hardware also includes a number of external devices that can be connected to adapt the computer to different usages. These are known as the input and output devices, and they commonly work to bridge the gap between a computer and its user. In particular, most input devices allow users to input data and commands into the computer, while output devices display or provide output information. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, touchpads, and scanners. Conversely, output devices include monitors, printers, speakers, and headphones. Additional peripherals like webcams, microphones, and game controllers are also considered input/output devices.

Conclusion

From internal components like the CPU and memory, to the many accessories and other connected parts, every piece of computer hardware contributes to the functionality of the entire assembly. That said, it is crucial to source only the best replacement parts for your computer systems. For access to computer parts that have been chosen for their high-quality production, you can rely on Just IT Hardware for all your procurement needs. Hosting a vast inventory of components from a widespread network of trusted manufacturers from across the globe, we are well-equipped to offer premium service as your sourcing partner. Get started today when you browse our online catalog of available parts or send an RFQ form with details about your operational needs. Our dedicated team of experts are available 24/7x365 to answer customer inquiries, so you can expect a response within just 15 minutes of sending a completed RFQ form.